Reports indicate that wind energy production may experience up to a 17% decline in Annual Energy Production (AEP) and a 20–50% reduction in aerodynamic performance due to icing. This underscores the critical need for innovative solutions in wind turbine operations to address challenges posed by icing conditions.

* According to studies done at Arctic Technology & Icing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering Science & Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway.